LIST OF BASIC PHILOSOPHICAL TOPICS
- For a more comprehensive list, see the List of philosophy topics.
Philosophy is a broad field of knowledge in which the definition of knowledge itself is one of the subjects investigated. It spans the nature of the universe, the mind, and the body; the relationships between all three, and between people. Philosophy is a field of inquiry – the pursuit of wisdom; the predecessor and complement of science, developing the issues which underly science and pondering those questions which are beyond the scope of science. Basic topics in philosophy include:
Nature of philosophy
- Main article: Philosophy
Subdivisions of philosophy
Branches of philosophy
Subdisciplines of philosophy
Philosophical movements
Philosophical movements of the ancient world
Philosophical movements of the modern world
- The Renaissance itself, which aimed to revive Classical Greek and Roman ideas
- Rationalism, dominant on continental Europe following Descartes
- Empiricism, dominant in Britain following Hobbes
- The Enlightenment which drew attention to the importance of science and reason to human life
- French materialism
- German idealism, fifty years from Kant's major work through the death of Hegel
- Continental Philosophy
- Romanticism
- Utilitarianism -- Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill
- Marxism
- Existentialism -- Søren Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre
- Phenomenology Sartre, Heidegger
- Logicism -- Gottlob Frege
- Logical Positivism (with the Vienna Circle, Logical Atomism (Russell), and Ideal Language Philosophy (Wittgenstein))
- Analytic Philosophy -- Gottlob Frege, W. V. O. Quine
- Structuralism
- Modernism (more a movement in the arts, but worth noting for its connection with below)
- Postmodernism
- Poststructuralism
- Deconstructivism -- Jacques Derrida
- Pan-Africanism
- Negritude
The Renaissance, Enlightenment, and Romanticism are broader cultural "movements" that happened to characterised by fairly distinctive philosophical concerns.
The Isms (doctrines, schools, and principles) of philosophy
absolutism -- accidentalism -- aestheticism -- agnosticism -- altruism -- anarchism -- animism -- anthropomorphism -- Aristotelianism -- asceticism -- atheism -- atomism -- authoritarianism
behaviorism -- Buddhism
capitalism -- Cartesianism -- christianism -- classicism -- collectivism -- communalism -- communism -- communitarianism -- conceptualism -- Confucianism -- consequentialism -- constructivism -- creationism -- cynicism
deconstructionism -- defeatism -- deism -- deontologism -- determinism -- dialectical materialism -- dogmatism -- dualism -- dynamism
eclecticism -- egalitarianism -- egoism -- emanationism -- emotivism -- empiricism -- epicureanism -- epiphenomenalism -- essentialism -- eudaimonism -- evolutionism -- existentialism -- expressionism -- externalism -- extropianism
fatalism -- fideism -- formalism -- foundationalism -- Freudianism -- functionalism
gnosticism
hedonism -- Hegelianism -- henotheism -- historicism -- holism -- humanism
idealism -- ignosticism -- immortalism -- indeterminism -- individualism -- instrumentalism -- intellectualism -- internalism -- intuitionism -- irrationalism
Kantianism
legalism -- liberalism -- libertarianism -- logical positivism -- logicism
marxism -- materialism -- mechanism -- mentalism -- meliorism -- modernism -- monism -- monotheism -- moral absolutism -- moral relativism -- mysticism
naturalism -- necessitarianism -- neo-Confucianism -- neo-Platonism -- nihilism -- nominalism -- non-cognitivism -- nontheism
objectivism -- optimism -- organicism
pacifism -- panpsychism -- pantheism -- perspectivism -- pessimism -- phenomenalism -- physicalism -- Platonism -- pluralism -- polytheism -- positivism -- post modernism -- pragmatism -- prescriptivism -- probabilism -- psychologism -- pythagoreanism
rationalism -- realism -- reductionism -- relativism -- representationalism -- romanticism
scholasticism -- scientism -- secularism -- skepticism -- social Darwinism -- socialism -- solipsism -- sophism -- spiritualism -- stoicism -- subjectivism -- syncretism
taoism -- theism -- theological noncognitivism -- Thomism -- totalitarianism -- transcendentalism -- transhumanism
utilitarianism
vitalism -- voluntarism
For a more complete list, including definitions, see the List of philosophical isms
Regional philosophy
Emergent philosophies
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History of philosophy
- Main article: History of philosophy
General philosophy topics
Basic philosophical concepts
A priori -- A posteriori -- abduction -- absolute -- Aesthetics -- Age of Enlightenment -- Agnosticism -- Altruism -- Ambiguity -- American Philosophical Association -- analytic philosophy -- analogy -- Aristotle -- atheism -- awareness -- axiom --
being -- belief -- Buddhist philosophy --
causality -- Cogito, ergo sum -- consciousness -- cosmogony -- cosmology -- continental philosophy -- creation --
Dasein -- deconstruction -- deduction -- determinism -- dialectics -- dualism --
Eastern philosophy -- emergent philosophies -- epistemic justification -- epistemology -- ethical relativism -- ethics -- essence existentialism -- existence evil -- evolution -- existence --
fatalism -- free will --
good --
hedonism -- humanism --
idealism -- Indian philosophy -- induction -- inference --
justification --
knowledge --
law of non-contradiction -- logic --
Marxism -- materialism -- meaning of life -- metaphysics -- monism -- moral absolutism -- morality --
nature -- nihilism -- noumenon --
objectivity -- ontology -- origin beliefs --
pantheism -- perception -- perception -- phenomenon (a la Kant) -- philosopher -- philosophy -- physicalism -- Plato -- The Republic (Plato) -- Platonism -- pluralism -- positivism (also: logical empiricism; logical positivism) -- pragmatism --
realism -- reality -- relativism -- Republic --
scholasticism -- self -- semantics -- skepticism (or scepticism) -- social contract -- solipsism -- sophistry -- sovereignty -- stoicism -- spirituality -- subject-- substance -- Symposium (by Plato) --
tabula rasa -- thing in itself or thing-in-itself -- Thus Spoke Zarathustra --
universals (problem of) -- universal (metaphysics) -- utilitarianism -- Urantia --
virtue -- virtue ethics --
Western philosophy --
Zeno's paradoxes
Influential philosophers
Philosophy lists
- Main article: Lists of philosophy topics
General online philosophy resources
See also
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